Final (1) Psychology final overview. Questions from each test combined to help study for the final. wolframh published on December 18, 2015 Stacked 1/25 Joe's friends are nervous about taking calculus next semester, Joe believes that he is capable of doing well in the course. Accordingly, he works hard and does well in the course. According to Albert Bandura, Joe's belief that he is capable of doing well in the course is called____ Self-esteem Self-efficacy Self-actualization 2/25 What is the purpose of transduction? Translating physical energy into neural signals that the brain can understand Integrating visual signals with auditory signals Determining whether or not a stimulus is detectable 3/25 To help Erin overcome her fear of heights, her therapist asks her to develop a hierarchy of situations that provoke her fear. After the hierarchy is developed, Erin learns how to relax. She then relaxes whole she begins to experience her hierarchy. Erin is participating in a format of therapy known as____ Free association Systematic desenitization Transference 4/25 David believes that he is president of the United States and that there is a conspiracy to kill him. David's beliefs are examples of____that are considered_____symptoms of schizophrenia. Hallucinations; positive Hallucinations; negative Delusions; positive 5/25 Experiments involve the manipulation of___and the measurement of___ dependent variables; independent variables control variables; experimental variables Independent variables; dependent variables 6/25 Harlow studies with infant monkeys most clearly suggested that____ is more important than____ in the development of attachment Contact comfort; nourishment Nourishment; contact comfort Quality time spent with the surrogate mothers 7/25 Multiple-choice exam questions are an example of the____method of measuring retrieval, whereas short-answer questions are an example of_____. Recognition; recall Recall; recognition Recall; relearning 8/25 Blake was in a car accident. After the accident he lost his job because he could not set goals at work, control outbursts, or arrive to work on time. It was as if Blake's personality had changed. He most likely damaged his_____ Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Frontal lobe 9/25 Elaborative rehearsal is more effective than memorizing because Elaborative rehearsal_____. Generally takes more time Always involves visual images Typically provides more retrieval cues 10/25 Psychoanalytic theories of personality empathize____, and humanistic theories of personality emphasize____. Unconscious forces and childhood experiences; personal growth motives Basic personality dimensions; cognitive and social factors Cognitive and social factors; basic personality dimensions 11/25 Food and water are to____ as money and praise are to____. Negative reinforcers; positive reinforcers Primary reinforcers; secondary reinforcers Secondary reinforcers; primary reinforcers 12/25 Which of these statements below is TRUE about heuristics, and FALSE regarding algorithms? They guarantee a correct solution if followed precisely They rely on previous knowledge/experience to make an "educated guess" They provide step-by-step instructions to a problem 13/25 According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis, we dream because the brain____ Attempts to make sense of the random neural activity that occurs during sleep Actively synthesizes newly acquired information during dreaming Needs to consolidate and synthesize daily activities 14/25 Martin, a 43-year-old dentist, can't understand why he's been feeling so irritable and despondent lately. He used to be a fairly happy person, but in the last three months he has felt angry, irritable, or sad most of the time. He hasn't been sleeping well either, and has lost weight because he's had very little appetite. He doesn't enjoy doing things he used to like to do, such as golfing and spending time with his family. He's even had trouble concentrating on work, and is beginning to feel very hopeless about his situation. Which diagnosis best fits his symptoms? Bipolar disorder Schizophrenia Major depressive disorder 15/25 Recent research suggests the function of glial cells includes all EXCEPT which of the following? Glial cells release neurotransmitters Glial cells strengthen and weaken neuronal connections Glial cells communicate with other glial cells 16/25 Mariska did a correlational study and found that the more students study, the less they exhibit aggressive behavior. Marissa can conclude that There is a relationship between studying and aggressive behavior Aggressive behavior causes students to study less None of the above 17/25 Cameron is a 38-year-old librarian. Two months ago, she had been feeling very down and despondent, very fatigued, and just couldn't seem to stop crying. She had even starting thinking about wanting her life to be over. But for the last week, she has felt on top of the world. She cashed in her retirement fund and spent it all on a new sports car, then stayed up all night making plans to drive to California to become a famous actress. Which diagnosis best fits her symptoms? Bipolar disorder Major depressive disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder 18/25 The major criticism of Freud by the Neo-Freudians was____. An overemphasis of childhood experiences An overemphasis on the importance of the unconscious mind An overemphasis on psychosexual development and sexual drives 19/25 According to arousal theory, which of the following BEST describes how arousal influences performance? Increased arousal improves performance up to a point, but too much arousal hurts performance The higher the arousal, the better the performance The lower the arousal, the better the performance 20/25 According to the fundamental attribution error, as an observer we tend to overestimate_____ influences and underestimate_____ influences on other's behavior. Situational; dispositional Dispositional; situational Attributionall; assumptional 21/25 When Eric asks his parents to extend his curfew, they Engage in a discussion about the pros and cons of doing so before coming to a decisions that is best for both Aaron and the family. When megan makes the same request to her parents, they want to please her so they agree immediately to a very late curfew. Eric's parents exhibit a(n)_____ parenting style, while Megan's parents exhibit a(n)____style. Authoritative; uninvolved Authoritarian; permissive Authoritative; permissive 22/25 Which of the below is the correct ordering of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, from bottom to top? Physiological, safety, belonging and love, self-esteem, self-actualization Safety, physiological, belonging and love, self-actualization, self-esteem Physiological, safety, self-actualization, belonging and love, self-esteem 23/25 The limbic system plays an important role in___ Basic bodily functions Our survival, emotion, and memory Relaying incoming sensory information 24/25 Psychology is currently defined as the science of Mental health Behavior and mental process Observable behavior 25/25 When Sussie's mother ducks down behind the sofa,Sussie thinks she doesn't exist anymore. But when her mother jumps up and yells "peek-a-boo" Sussie is so surprised and happy to see that her mother still exists. Sussie is likely in the____ cognitive development stage, demonstrating her lack of understanding of______. preoperational; reversibility Sensorimotor; conservation Sensorimotor; object permanence