Biology Chapter 7: Animal Biology This is a quiz I made in order to help me study for my biology final at Kansas State University. joaks01 published on December 10, 2012 Stacked 1/123 Coffee and cigarette extract increased the heart rate in our experiment, and ethanol slowed it down. True False 2/123 Which of these describes smooth muscle? Composition: Elongated cells, each containing many nuclei; striated.Functions: Moves to the nones of skeleton; voluntary.Location: Attached to bone. Composition: Short, branched cells, each containing one nucleus; striated.Functions: Contraction of atria and ventricles in heart; involuntary.Location: ... Composition: Spindle-shaped cells, each containing one nucleus.Functions: Slow, involuntary movements.Location: Digestive tract; arteries. 3/123 Arrange these in the correct order.1. Water and dissolved substances are filtered out of the blood at the glomerular capsule. (Filtration)2. Useful materials such as salts, water, and glucose return form the nephron to the blood. (Reabsorption)3. Toxic substances, drug residues, hydrogen ions, and surplus ions are secreted into the nephron to be eliminated in urine. (Secretion) 1,2,3 2,3,1 1.3.2 3,2,1 4/123 Which of these removes wastes and water from the blood, balances chemicals in the body, releases hormones, controls blood pressure, produces blood cells, and produces Vitamin D? ureter urinary bladder kidney pancreas 5/123 The small forebrain structure beneath the thalamus that controls homeostasis and links the nervous and endocrine systems is the ____. medulla oblongata hypothalamus pons cerebellum 6/123 A(n) ____ maintains the resting potential via active transport. axon sodium-potassium pump nerve fiber All of the above 7/123 Viruses are never beneficial to humans. True False 8/123 1. ATP splits, which provides power to "cock" the myosin cross bridges.2. Cross bridges bind actin to myosin.3. Binding sites on actin molecules are exposed.4. Cross bridges pull thin filament (power stroke); ADP and P are releases from myosin.5. New ATP binds to myosin, releasing linkages. 2,3,5,4,1 3,2,4,1,5 3,4,2,5,1 3,2,4,5,1 9/123 Which of these is NOT true, regarding digestive systems? An incomplete digestive system has only one opening, a complete digestive system has two. Food passes in only one direction in both an incomplete and a complete system. Complete digestive systems can digest, absorb nutrients, and eliminate wastes in a more efficient way. Humans have complete systems. All of the above are true. 10/123 Which mineral has a deficiency symptom of anemia? Manganese Cobalt Iron Iodine 11/123 In order to control the concentrations of ions in their body fluids , organisms must ____. It requires cells to move ions against the concentration gradient via active transport. filtrate passive transport osmoregulate 12/123 Which of these is true? 1. Negative feedback maintains homeostasis. 2. Positive feedback maintains homeostasis. 1 is true 2 is true both are true 13/123 The mesoderm is the embryonic germ ayer between the endoderm and the ectoderm. True False 14/123 Blood, bone, and muscle are examples of ____. organs tissues cells 15/123 Which of these is NOT matched correctly? Jugular Vein; receives blood draining from the head, neck, and brain. Superior Vena Cava; receives blood from all areas above the diaphragm. Pulmonary Vein; delivers oxygenated blood from lungs to heart. Inferior Vena cava; returns blood to the heart from all regions of the diaphragm. Femoral Vein; carries blood away from the thigh and inner knee. All of the above are correct 16/123 Why aren't viruses regarded as living organisms? They have no cells. They cannot respond to their environment. They have no metabolism. Their replication is completely dependent on using host cellular enzymes and machinery. All of the above are true 17/123 Blood flows at a high pressure in ____ circulatory systems. Nutrient delivery and waste removal occur more rapidly, and these systems are more efficient overall. open closed neither 18/123 The ____ system performs the process known as gas exchange, that occurs when blood circulates into the lungs. lymphatic circulatory respiratory digestive 19/123 In the ____ pathway, viral DNA replicates along with the cell, but viruses are't immediately produced. An environmental change may trigger a ____ virus to switch to the lytic pathway. lysogenic neuron endocrine bacterial 20/123 T cells mature in the ____ gland. T cells regulate the function of almost all other immune system cells. hypothalamus thymus sweat renal 21/123 The thin filaments in muscle are ____ and the thick filaments are ____. myosin; actin actin; myosin myofibril; actin sacromeres; myosin 22/123 Which neurons connect one neuron to another within the spinal cord and brain? (90% of all neurons) Interneurons Motor neurons Sensory neurons 23/123 Which of these describes an endoskeleton? Fluid constrained within a layer of flexible tissue. (Ex. worm, jellyfish) Skeleton on the outside of an animal. Internal muscles pull against the skeleton, enabling the animal to move. Most consist of chitin. (Ex. crabs) Skeleton on the inside of an animal. Vertebrate animals have these, made of cartilage or bone. 24/123 Which type of reproduction contains genetic information from only one parent, creating offspring identical to the parent and one another? They benefit in environments that do not change. (one word) Type answer. Hint: 7 characters 25/123 The ____ is a body cavity that is lined (by tissue derived from the mesoderm). Type answer. Hint: 6 characters 26/123 The ____ consists of white matter, which transmits information within the brain and gray matter, which consists of neuron cell bodies that aid in sensory, motor, and association areas. thalamus cerebrum pons medulla oblongata 27/123 Molecules of water pass across the intestinal epithelium via ____. active transport passive transport osmosis diffusion 28/123 Which kind of tissue consists of cells that contract when electrically stimulated? (Their primary function is allowing movement) muscle connective epithelial nervous 29/123 Which of these describes a hydrostatic skeleton? Fluid constrained within a layer of flexible tissue. (Ex. worm, jellyfish) Skeleton on the outside of an animal. Internal muscles pull against the skeleton, enabling the animal to move. Most consist of chitin. (Ex. crabs) Skeleton on the inside of an animal. Vertebrate animals have these, made of cartilage or bone. 30/123 The hypothalamus produces ____, which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH into the bloodstream. bile adrenaline gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) ovaries 31/123 The ____ is the innermost germ (tissue) layer. mesoderm endoderm ectoderm 32/123 ____ is NOT an enzyme; it is basically a natural detergent that allows an enzyme (lipase) to function more efficiently. ____ helps break down fats. (Both blanks are the same, only enter it once) Type answer. Hint: 4 characters 33/123 A(n) ____ is a brief depolarization that propagates like a wave along the membrane of the nerve fiber. A small amount of Na+ leaks into the cell through the open channels, causing the interior to become less negative. action potential resting potential polarity potential 34/123 Which of the following is a characteristic of all sponges? parazoa (no true tissues) radial symmetry bilateral symmetry eumetazoa (true tissues) 35/123 ____ (specific) immunity protects us against a specific cell and ____ (non-specific) immunity provides general protection against all cells. Adaptive; innate Innate; adaptive 36/123 Which of these is a muscular sac where urine collects? ureter urinary bladder kidney urethra 37/123 A(n) ____ regulates the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering blood, reabsorbing what is needed, and removing the rest in urine. axon nephron proton ion 38/123 The ____ connects the forebrain with the medulla and the cerebellum. pons midbrain hindbrain cerbrum 39/123 Which of these correctly describes an axon? Also called the nerve fiber, is typically a single long extension of the cell body. It is finely branched at its tip and each tiny terminal extension commu... Junction at which a neuron communicates with another cell. The enlarged rounded part of a neuron that contains the nucleus, mitochondria that supply ATP, ribosomes that manufacture proteins, and other organelles. Short, branched extensions that transmit information toward the cell body. 40/123 Which vitamin has a deficiency symptom of pellagra? Niacin Riboflavin Thiamine Tocopherol 41/123 Which of these is NOT matched correctly? External Carotid Artery; supplies most tissues of the head except brain and orbit. Aorta; carries oxygenated blood away from the heart. Renal Artery; delivers blood to kidneys. Abdominal Artery; delivers blood to inner thigh and knee. Pulmonary Artery; carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs. 42/123 The ____ system exerts a profound influence on all digestive processes by sending signals to different organs, the ____ system regulates the digestive system by secreting hormones. nervous; sensory musculoskeletal; nervous sensory; nervous nervous; endocrine 43/123 Blood flows under low pressure in a ____ circulatory system, thus fewer vessels are required and the energetic costs are relatively low. open closed neither 44/123 Which classifications of organisms are dueteronosomes? Chordates Echinoderms Both Neither 45/123 Lipids use ____ because they are non-polar and can cross the plasma membrane readily. active transport passive transport osmosis diffusion 46/123 Which of these produces HORMONES THAT CONTROL the release of testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone? pancreas adrenal gland testes ovaries pituitary gland 47/123 There are two types of hormones, steroids and peptides. Which is true about peptides? They activate existing enzymes. They are usually proteins They are polar. All of the above B and C 48/123 Which of these describes an advantage of segmentation? (may be more than one correct answer) Hint: 3 choices Makes movement more efficient Allows for the formation of a repetitive body plan that arises unique structures Allows for an extra digestive enzyme (lipase) to be produced Allows for a more specialized development of appendages 49/123 ____ tissues coat the body's internal and external surfaces with one or more layers of tightly packed cells. They cover organs and line the inside of hollow organs and body cavities. Functions of these tissues includes protection, nutrient absorption along the intestinal tract, and gas diffusion in the lungs. muscle connective epithelial nervous 50/123 Arrange the five stages of viral replication in order. 1. Viral nucleic acid is released inside of the host cell. (Penetration)2. New viruses leave the host cell (Release)3. New viruses are assembled from newly synthesized coat proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids. (Assembly)4. Host cell manufactures multiple copies of the viral genome. (Synthesis)5. A virus is attached to a host cell by adhering to a receptor molecule on the cells surface. (Attachment) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 5, 3, 2, 4, 1 5, 1, 4, 3, 2 5, 1, 3, 2, 4 51/123 Sensory cells can provide information that is transmitted via the nervous system, and responses to that information are also initiated via the nervous system and carried out by the musculoskeletal system. True False 52/123 Which of these describes skeletal muscle? Composition: Elongated cells, each containing many nuclei; striated.Functions: Moves to the nones of skeleton; voluntary.Location: Attached to bone. Composition: Short, branched cells, each containing one nucleus; striated.Composition: Short, branched cells, each containing one nucleus; striated.Funct... Composition: Spindle-shaped cells, each containing one nucleus.Functions: Slow, involuntary movements.Location: Digestive tract; arteries. 53/123 Which neurons bring information from the body's organs to the central nervous system and respond to light pressure, heat, touch, pain , and chemicals detected as odors or tastes? Interneurons Motor neurons Sensory neurons 54/123 Which organ is NOT matched correctly with its role? (Hint; One of these is matched up with the small intestine's role) Liver; produces bile Stomach; mixes food, enzymatic digestion of proteins Pancreas; Final enzymatic breakdown of food molecules Gallbladder; stores bile Large Intestine; absorbs water and minerals to form feces 55/123 1. Unoxygenated blood from the body returns to the heart via vena cava. 2. Unoxygenated blood enters right atrium. 3. Unoxygenated blood enters right ventricle. 4. Unoxygenated blood is pumped to lungs via pulmonary artery. 5. Gas diffusion takes place within the lungs. 6. Oxygenated blood leaves the lungs via pulmonary vein. 7. Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium. 8. Oxygenated blood enters the left ventricle. 9. Oxygenated blood is pumped out to the body via aorta. Okay, Joe. I'm gay 56/123 Which type of reproduction is advantageous in changing environments? asexual sexual 57/123 Which of these is true regarding viruses? (More than one is correct) (Remember that viruses can mutate) Hint: 5 choices They are only 1/500 the size of eukaryotic cells. There are no generalities about viral shapes. The coat of a virus us composed of capsid proteins. Genetic information resides in the inner core. A bilayer membrane, or envelope, surrounding the cell exists in some viruses. Viruses can't evolve. 58/123 The ____ nervous system carries signals to skeletal muscles, such as those that enable you to ride a bike, shake hands, or talk. parasympathetic somatic (voluntary) autonomic (involuntary) sympathetic 59/123 ____ initiate clotting. plasma red blood cells (erythrocytes) white blood cells (leukocytes) platelets (thrombocytes) 60/123 A(n) ____ is one of the many repeated units in a myofibril of a muscle cell. sacromere myosin actin 61/123 Which is NOT a function of the lymphatic system? Collecting fluid and removing bacteria, debris, and cancer cells before returning the liquid to the blood. Sends signals to the brain via neurons. Absorbing digestive fats and transporting them to the circulatory system. Protecting the body from disease via immunity. 62/123 When blood glucose concentration is too high, beta cells of the pancreas secrete this hormone, which lowers blood pressure. glucagon testosterone estrogen insulin 63/123 The ____ processes information any relays it to the cerebrum. pons cerebellum thalamus medulla oblongata 64/123 ____ tissue conveys information rapidly within an animals body, allowing communication among cells. muscle connective epithelial nervous 65/123 Which process is used to get monosaccharides and amino acids into the epithelial cells of the small intestine? active transport passive transport osmosis diffusion 66/123 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of connective tissue? scattered within the extracellular matrix attach epithelium to other tissues protect and cushion organs provide flexible and firm structural support coat body surfaces all of the above are correct 67/123 The ____ is responsible for homeostatic control of most organs. thalamus pons hypothalamus medulla oblongata 68/123 The central nervous system consists of the ____ and the ____. nerves; nerve cells spinal cord; brain spinal cord; ribs 69/123 Most of the interaction of the endocrine system with any other organ system are based on negative feedback. True False 70/123 Which of these correctly describes a synapse? also called the nerve fiber, is typically a single long extension of the cell body. It is finely branched at its tip and each tiny terminal extension commu... Junction at which a neuron communicates with another cell. The enlarged rounded part of a neuron that contains the nucleus, mitochondria that supply ATP, ribosomes that manufacture proteins, and other organelles. Short, branched extensions that transmit information toward the cell body. 71/123 The ____ system, part of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system, returns body systems to normal; heart rate and respiration slow and digestion resumes. sympathetic parasympathetic 72/123 A reflex arc links a sensory receptor to an effector. Arrange these in the correct order.1. Cell body of sensory synapses on the cell body of a motor neuron.2. Sensory neurons are excited.3. Effector muscle is stimulated to contract.4. Painful response in skin is stimulated. 4,1,2,3 4,2,3,1 4,2,1,3 1,2,3,4 73/123 In osmoregulation, if a cell's environment is saltier than the cell itself, water moves ___ the cell. In the opposite, water moves ____ the cell. out of; into into; out of 74/123 The ____ is a result of the imbalance of ions on both sides of the neuron plasma membrane. (an abundance of Na+ ions on the outside of the membrane being more positively charges than the inside of the neuron. action potential polarity potential resting potential 75/123 Which of these is NOT matched correctly? sight; photoreceptor hearing; mechanoreceptor taste; mechanoreceptor smell; chemoreceptor touch; mechanoreceptor 76/123 The ____ system, part of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system, accelerates heart rate and breathing rate, shunts blood away from the digestive system and to the heart, brain, and skeletal muscles necessary for "fight or flight." It also dilutes airways, easing gas exchange. sympathetic parasympathetic 77/123 A ____ is a signaling molecule that is released by one cell that acts on other "target cells." They are delivered to the "target cells" via bloodstream. Type answer. Hint: 7 characters 78/123 Herbivores have large cecums, which forms the entrance to the large intestine. They also have larger large intestines to break down plants. These adaptations allow them to obtain and digest food more efficiently. True False 79/123 ____ destroy foreign substances and initiate inflammation plasma red blood cells (erythrocytes) white blood cells (leukocytes) platelets (thrombocytes) 80/123 A fish has a two chambered heart (one atrium, where blood enters; one ventricle, where blood exits). The three chambered heart (two atriums, one ventricle) of a frog or turtle allows for blood from the pulmonary and systematic circuits may mix in the ventricle. A bird or mammal has a four chambered heart, maximizing the separation of the pulmonary and systematic circuits. True False 81/123 FSH and LH stimulate the events that lead to ovulation. True False 82/123 There are two types of hormones, steroids and peptides. Which is true about steroids? They are polar. They direct the synthesis of new proteins. They are derived from cholesterol. All of the above. B and C 83/123 The ____ gives rise to the skin and nervous system tissue endoderm ectoderm mesoderm coelom 84/123 ____ is an organismic process, ____ is a cellular process. Diffusion; osmosis Aerobic respiration; digestion Active transport; digestion Breathing; aerobic respiration 85/123 The ____ regulates psychological processes such as blood pressure, heartbeat, and breathing. pons cerebellum thalamus medulla oblongata 86/123 ____ is the maintenance of internal conditions by means of self-regulating mechanisms. Type answer. Hint: 11 characters 87/123 The liquid component of blood that exchanges water and many dissolved substances with intestinal fluid is ____. plasma red blood cells (erythrocytes) white blood cells (leukocytes) platelets (thrombocytes) 88/123 The ____ nervous system (part of the motor pathway) transmits impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands, enabling internal organs to function without conscious awareness. central somatic (voluntary) autonomic (involuntary) sympathetic 89/123 Which neurons conduct their message from the central nervous system toward a muscle of gland? Interneurons Motor neurons Sensory Neurons 90/123 The pons, medulla oblongata, and the cerebellum reside in the ____. hindbrain midbrain forebrain 91/123 Which of these transport urine from the kidney to the bladder? ureter urethra pancreas 92/123 The thalamus, hypothalamus, and the cerebrum reside in the ____. hindbrain midbrain forebrain 93/123 Which vitamin has a deficiency symptom of scurvy? Biotin Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) Vitamin K Thiamine 94/123 The ____ controls posture and balance and coordinates subconscious muscular movements. pons medulla oblongata cerebrum cerebellum 95/123 Which of these is correct regarding the role of the kidney? The kidney receives blood via a renal artery, which branches into many arteries and arterioles. An arteriole delivers blood to a glomerulus, a tuft of capillaries where blood is filtered into a nephron. The capillaries of the glomerulus then lead into another arteriole, which leads to the peritubular capillaries, which snake around part of each nephron. The blood vessels empty into a venule, which joins the renal vein carrying cleansed blood out of the kidney and into the heart. All are true 96/123 Which of these correctly describes a cell body? Also called the nerve fiber, is typically a single long extension of the cell body. It is finely branched at its tip and each tiny terminal extension commu... Junction at which a neuron communicates with another cell. The enlarged rounded part of a neuron that contains the nucleus, mitochondria that supply ATP, ribosomes that manufacture proteins, and other organelles. Short, branched extensions that transmit information toward the cell body. 97/123 Which mineral has a deficiency symptom of goiter (enlarged thyroid gland)? Manganese Cobalt Iron Iodine 98/123 The peripheral nervous system consists of nerve cells outside of the central nervous system. It is divided into sensory pathway and motor pathways. ____ pathways carry signals to the central nervous system from sensors in the skin, skeletal muscles, and other organs. sensory motor 99/123 In the ____ pathway, the host cell bursts when new particles assemble and leave the cell. These viruses infect other cells, repeating the process. lysogenic lytic neuron endocrine bacterial 100/123 In a(n) ____ circulatory system the heart pumps fluid through short, open ended vessels which lead to open spaces in the body cavity, where the fluid can exchange materials with the body's cells. The fluid then enters other vessels leading back to the heart. animal plant open closed 101/123 Which classifications of organisms have bilateral symmetry? chordates cnidarians annelids A & C All of the above 102/123 Which of these describe an exoskeleton? Fluid constrained within a layer of flexible tissue. (Ex. worm, jellyfish) Skeleton on the outside of an animal. Internal muscles pull against the skeleton, enabling the animal to move. Most consist of chitin. (Ex. crabs) Skeleton on the inside of an animal. Vertebrate animals have these, made of cartilage or bone. 103/123 Arrange the steps of hormone response in the correct order.1. An intermediate step that essentially activates a set of intermediary complexes. (Signal transduction)2. The hormone is recognized by the cell when it binds to a particular protein within the cell (steroid) or within the plasma membrane (peptide). (Signal reception)3. When a cell begins doing the task directed by the hormone. (Induction) 1,2,3 2,1,3 3,2,1 2,3,1 104/123 Aside from the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein, veins ALWAYS carry blood ____ the heart and arteries ALWAYS carry blood ____ the heart. away from; to to; away from 105/123 ____ carry oxygen. plasma red blood cells (erythrocytes) white blood cells (leukocytes) platelets (thrombocytes) 106/123 Which of these describes cardiac muscle? Composition: Elongated cells, each containing many nuclei; striated.Functions: Moves to the nones of skeleton; voluntary.Location: Attached to bone. Composition: Short, branched cells, each containing one nucleus; striated.Composition: Short, branched cells, each containing one nucleus; striated.Funct... Composition: Spindle-shaped cells, each containing one nucleus.Functions: Slow, involuntary movements.Location: Digestive tract; arteries. 107/123 Which of these produces testosterone in males? testes ovaries (LOL) adrenal gland pituitary glands 108/123 The human eye is an example of a(n) ____. cell organ system organ tissue 109/123 In a(n) ____ circulatory system blood remains within the vessels that exchange materials with the fluid surrounding the body's tissues. open closed neither 110/123 The kidney is essentially a filtration system. True False 111/123 ____ pathways convey information from the central nervous system to muscles and glands. sensory motor 112/123 Which is NOT considered an advantage of bilateral symmetry? Allows for the animal to have directed movement Allows for a quicker, and precise response to stimulation Allows the animal to be "cut in half" one multiple planes Nervous System is cephalized and more complex All of the above are advantages 113/123 Which of these secretes insulin and glucagon? liver pancreas stomach testes 114/123 Breathing and aerobic respiration are the same thing. True False 115/123 ____ feedback means that when a deviation from normal conditions is detected, body conditions are altered to bring back to the normal level. ____ feedback means that a deviation from the starting condition can cause an intensified deviation from the starting condition, producing a cascade of changes that increase in magnitude. Positive, Negative Negative, Positive Negative, Negative Positive, Positive 116/123 FSH stimulates the early stages of sperm formation in the testes. Sperm formation is complete under the influence of LH, which also prompts the cells in the testes to release testosterone. True False 117/123 Which of these transports urine out of the body? ureter urethra urinary bladder 118/123 When blood glucose concentrations are too low, ____ is secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas to increase blood pressure. glucagon adrenaline insulin testosterone 119/123 Which is considered an advantage of having a coelom? Internal organs can be held in place and protected better Further specialization and complexity of organs is possible Hydrostatic skeleton is possible Allows the animal to digest lipids and phospholipids All of the above All of the above except D 120/123 B cells are born in the ____ ____. B cells produce antibodies. vena cava blood airways bone marrow 121/123 Which of these correctly describes a dendrite? Also called the nerve fiber, is typically a single long extension of the cell body. It is finely branched at its tip and each tiny terminal extension commu... Junction at which a neuron communicates with another cell. The enlarged rounded part of a neuron that contains the nucleus, mitochondria that supply ATP, ribosomes that manufacture proteins, and other organelles. Short, branched extensions that transmit information toward the cell body. 122/123 Which of the following characteristics does NOT apply to animals? multicellularity heterotrophic do not have cell walls autotrophic have life cycles that include development from undifferentiated cells 123/123 Development of a head structure, containing specialized sensory and feeding appendages is called ____ . extracomplex growth epithelial growth segmentation cephalization
