Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanoes Exam Study Guide Interior Earth Plate Tectonics Earthquakes Volcanoes student published on November 08, 20128 responses 2 « Previous Next » Questions in vertical order 1/41 Transform Boundary A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other in one direction A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in the opposite directions A plate boundary where two plates move away from eachother 2/41 Vent A long tube through which magma moves from the magma chamber to Earth's surface A pocket where igneous rocks are collected from previous eruptions The opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano 3/41 Convergent Boundary A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other in one direction A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in the opposite directions A plate boundary where two plates move away from eachother 4/41 Gondwanaland A place Another place The second section of Pangaea after it broke (South) 5/41 P Waves A wave that moves up and down or side to side A wave that compresses and expands the ground A wave that forms when P and S waves reach the Earth's surface 6/41 Lava The molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle (inside) The undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary Liquid magma that reaches the surface; also the rock formed when lava hardens (outside) 7/41 Syncline An upward fold in rock formed by compression of Earth's crust A downward fold in rock formed by compression in Earth's crust Stress that compresses rocks 8/41 Anticline An upward fold in rock formed by compression of Earth's crust A downward fold in rock formed by compression in Earth's crust Stress that stretches rocks 9/41 Focus A point above Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes a hurricane A point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under faults and causes a reverse fault A point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake 10/41 Mercalli Scale A scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity A scale that rates volcanoes according to their magma percent A scale that measures eruptions destruction and fault line 11/41 Asthenosphere A liquid layer of the mantle on which the asthenosphere floats A rock layer of the mantle on which the mesosphere floats A soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats 12/41 Folds A bend in rock that forms where part of Earth's crust is compressed A break in Earth's crust where slabs of rock slip past each other The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core 13/41 Convection The transfer of frigidness by movement in the crust The disposing of heat by immobility in the mantle The transfer of heat by movement in the mantle 14/41 Mid-Ocean Ridge A scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity The undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary The measurement of an earthquake's strength and movement 15/41 Laurasia Area of Pangaea in the Northern Hemisphere Area of Pangaea in the Souththern Hemisphere Area of Africa in the Northern Hemisphere 16/41 Inner Core A dense cube of liquid iron and nickel in the outermost part of the Earth A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel in the center of the Earth A rock sphere of solid iron and nickel in the center of the Earth 17/41 Pipe A deposit of hardened magma in the long tube through which magma moves from the magma chamber The opening where molten rock and bombs fly out of A long tube through which magma moves from the magma chamber to Earth's surface 18/41 Cinder Cone Volcano A tall cone shaped volcano in which layers of lava layer over each other with ash and over volcanic materials A wide gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava formed by quiet eruptions A steep cone shaped hill or mountain made of volcanic material around the opening 19/41 Magnitude The measurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults A scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity The undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced 20/41 Mesosphere A layer above the stratosphere A layer between the stratosphere and lithosphere A layer below the stratosphere 21/41 Surface Waves A wave that moves up and down or side to side A wave that compresses and expands the ground A wave that forms when P and S waves reach the Earth's surface 22/41 Subduction The process by which ore is melted to separate the metal plates A vibration that travels through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake A process when ocean crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary 23/41 Divergent Boundary A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other in one direction A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in the opposite directions A plate boundary where two plates move away from eachother 24/41 Convection Current The hypothesis that the continents slowly move over the years The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface Movement of fluid caused by different temperatures that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another 25/41 Volcano A weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface A narrow slab of mineral that is sharply different from the surrounding rock The opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano 26/41 Pangaea The name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago An igneous rock that consists of large crystals A major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean 27/41 S Waves A wave that moves up and down or side to side A wave that compresses and expands the ground A wave that forms when P and S waves reach the Earth's surface 28/41 Lithosphere A layer of the uppermost part of the mantle and crust A layer of the middle part of the mantle and crust A layer of the lowest part of the mantle and crust None 29/41 Tsunami A downward fold in rock formed by compression in the Earth's surface A weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface A large wave produced by an earthquake on the ocean floor 30/41 Seismograph A factor that can change in an experiment A device that records ground movement caused by seismic waves as they move through Earth A device that records underwater movement caused by folds in the Mantle 31/41 Outer Core A layer of molten rock iron and nickel surround the inner core A layer of molten rock iron and nickel surround the mantle A layer of molten rock iron and nickel surround the asthenosphere 32/41 Magma Chamber The pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects A pocket where igneous rocks are collected from previous eruptions A pocket where extinct rocks are collected from previous eruptions 33/41 Magma The molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle (inside) The undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary Movement of fluid caused by different temperatures that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another 34/41 Epicenter The point on Earth's surface directly below an earthquake's focus The point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's fault line The point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus 35/41 Aftershock A scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity An earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area A large wave produced by an earthquake on the ocean floor 36/41 Composite Volcano (Stratovolcano) A tall cone shaped volcano in which layers of lava layer over each other with ash and over volcanic materials A wide gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava formed by quiet eruptions A steep cone shaped hill or mountain made of volcanic material around the opening 37/41 Shield Volcano A tall cone shaped volcano in which layers of lava layer over each other with ash and over volcanic materials A wide gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava formed by quiet eruptions A steep cone shaped hill or mountain made of volcanic ash 38/41 Seismic Waves A pool formed by groundwater that has risen to the surface A vibration that travels through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake A pool formed by volcanic eruptions that has risen to the epicenter of the eruption 39/41 Plate A section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of crust A deep valley that forms where two plates move apart A molten mixture of rock forming substance 40/41 Richter Scale The measurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults A scale that rates seismic waves as measured by a particular type of mechanical seismograph The undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced 41/41 Faults A bend in rock that forms where part of Earth's crust is compressed A break in Earth's crust where slabs of rock slip past each other The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core
