Pathophysiology practice test (15)

Pathophysiology practice test (15)

<<<<<<<< Heart Failure>>>>>>>>>> ............... Multiple Choice.................

published on June 21, 2012
1/20

the alterations in low output heart failure include?

Hint: 3 choices
decreased cardiac output
decreased ejection fraction
decreased heart rate
decreased stroke volume
2/20

which may lead to high output heart failure?

Hint: 2 choices
hypertension
myocarditis
severe anemia
hyperthyroidism
3/20

which is related to cardiac edema?

decreased GFR ( glomerular filtration rate)
increased secretion of aldosterone
increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone
increased capillary blood pressure
4/20

the manifestations of right heart failure include?

Hint: 3 choices
hepatomegaly
edema of lower extremity
ascites
engorgement of jugular vein
5/20

pathogenesis of heart failure result from depressed contractility may be?

myocardium injured due to infarction or severe
inflammation
inadequate energy produced by myocardium
disorder of energy utilization of myocardium
dysfunction of excitation contraction coupling
6/20

mechanism of orthopnea include?

Hint: 2 choices
tissue fluid of lower extremity return to heart in the
recumbent position
the position of diaphragm moves toward up in the
recumbent position
pulmonary vein dilation
increased pulmonary vascular permeability
7/20

which is the pathogeneses of dysfunction of excitation contraction coupling?

disorder of Ca channel of myocardial membraine
hyperkalemia
acidosis
decreased Ca released by SR
8/20

venous hypertension in chronic heart failure may due to?

increased activity of sympathetic nerves
increased blood volume
increased VEDP
decreased water excretory by kidney
9/20

orthopnea present in left heart failure mainly due to in recumbent position?

Hint: 3 choices
more venous blood return to heart?
more interstitial fluid of lower extremity reabsorbed to
capillary
diaphragm moves towards up
increased activity of sympathetic nerves
10/20

acute heart failure may result in?

Hint: 2 choices
blood pressure decrease
cardiogenic shock
blood volume increased
myocardium hypertrophy
11/20

eccentric hypertrophy?

Hint: 3 choices
is due to volume overload
accompany cardiac chamber dilation
accompany increased of the sarcomeres in parallel
accompany increased length of the myocardial cell
12/20

the pathogenesis of heart failure is?

decreased energy produced
less calcium influx from extracellular
decreased calcium uptake by SR
decreased calcium released by SR
13/20

the pathogenesis of diastolic dysfunction in heart failure is?

delayed calcium outward movement from cytoplasm to
outside of cell
less calcium uptake by SR
delyed breakdown of the formed actin myosin cross
bridege
decreased compliance of the ventricle
14/20

the mechanism of the blood pressure may keep normal in chronic heart failure is?

Hint: 2 choices
sympathetic nervous system is stimulated and
contraction of arteriole
increased heart rate
blood volume increase
blood flow slowly
15/20

the patient with low output heart failure may present?

Hint: 3 choices
CO< 2.5L/min
increased of heart rate
decreased of VEDV
decreased of ejection fraction
16/20

the pathogenesis of heart failure result from ischemic heart disease?

Hint: 2 choices
ventricular remodeling
decreased calcium uptake and released by SR
compliance decreased
decreased energy produced
17/20

which manifestation is possible in right heart failure?

Hint: 3 choices
edema of lower limb
engorgement of neck vein
orthopnea
loss of appetite
18/20

the major mechanisms of cardiac edema is?

Hint: 2 choices
retention of water and sodium
increased hydrostatic pressure of capillaries
obstruction of lymphatic flow
increased capillary permeability
19/20

the pathogenesis of disorder of calcium transport may be?

reduced uptake by SR ( sarcoplasmic reticulum)
reduced influx of extracellular calcium
acidosis
reduced density of β-receptor in hypertrophy
myocardium
20/20

the basic causes of heart failure are?

Hint: 3 choices
lesion of the myocardium
overload of myocardium for a long time
infection
arrhythemia