pathophysiology practice test (6)

pathophysiology practice test (6)

water and electrolytes disturbances >>>>>>>>>> multiple choices <<<<<<<

published on May 07, 2012
1/19

the effects of acute hypokalemia on neuromuscular tissue are?

muscle weakness
myoparalysis
decreased cell excitability
hyperpolarization block
2/19

the toxic effects of severe hyperkalemia on myocardium are?

decreased excitability
decreased autorhythmicity
decreased conductivity
arrhythmia
3/19

the factors which can promote reabsorption of sodium and water in distal convoluted tubule and collecting tube include?

Hint: 3 choices
increased production of ALD
decreased GFR
increased production of ADH
decreased ANP
4/19

the clinical manifestations in earlier stage of hypertonic dehydration are?

Hint: 3 choices
thirst
hypotension
urine specific gravity is beyond
1.020
decreased urine volume
5/19

the effects of primary hyperkalemia on acid-base balance are?

Hint: 2 choices
ECF acidosis
ECF alkalosis
ICF acidosis
ICF alkalosis
6/19

the effects of hypokalemia on myocardium are?

Hint: 3 choices
increased excitability
increased autorhythmicity
decreased excitability
decreased conductivity
7/19

serum levels of K+ are mainly regulated by?

Hint: 2 choices
daily dietary intake
ADH
renal mechanisms which control
urinary output
redistribution between ICF and ECF
8/19

the characteristics of hypotonic dehydration are?

Hint: 3 choices
thirst is not apparent in the early
stage
blood pressure is stable
serum sodium concentration is less
than 130mmol/L
plasma osmolality is less than
280mOsm/L
9/19

what are the mechanisms of promoting reabsorption of sodium and water while glomerular filtration fraction inscrease?

Hint: 2 choices
increased production of ALD
decreased production of natriuretic
hormone
decreased hydrostatic pressure in the
capillaries around proximal tubules
increased colloid osmotic pressure
in the capillaries around proximal
tubules
10/19

the factors which can result in retention of sodium and water include?

Hint: 2 choices
decreased GFR
decreased plasma colloid osmotic
pressure
increased interstitial colloid
osmotic pressure
increased tubular reabsorption
11/19

the characteristics of hypotonic dehydration are?

Hint: 3 choices
the sodium loss in excess of water
loss
increased plasma osmotic pressure
severe reduced ECF volume
thirst is not an early symptom
12/19

the characteristics of water intoxication are?

Hint: 2 choices
increased ECF volume
normal ECF volume
decreased ECF volume
increased ICF volume
13/19

the consequences of hyperkalemia are?

decreased neuromuscular excitability
with secere hyperkalemia
metabolic acidosis
decreased cardiac conductivity
cardiac arrest may occur
14/19

the effects of acute mild hyperkalemia on neuromuscular tissure are?

Hint: 2 choices
paraesthesia of extremities
myoparalysis
weakness of muscles
mild trembling of muscles
15/19

two main stimuli for thirst are?

Hint: 2 choices
increase in ECF osmolarity
decrease in effective blood volume
increase in ICF volume
decrease in ICF osmolarity
16/19

the effects of hypotonic dehydration on body are?

Hint: 3 choices
decreased plasma osmolality
shock is common
movement of fluid from ECF to ICF
increased secretion of ADH
17/19

what are the most common water electrolyte disturbances in excessive sweating?

Hint: 2 choices
hypotonic dehydration
isotonic dehydration
hypokalemia
hypertonic dehydration
18/19

the clinical manifestations in late stage of hypertonic dehydration are?

thirst
shock
increased body temperature
decreased urine volume
19/19

what are the most dangerous consequences of hyperkalemia?

Hint: 2 choices
metabolic acidosis
ventricular fibrillation
paralysis of skeletal muscle
cardiac arrest