pathophysiology practice test (5)

pathophysiology practice test (5)

water and electrolytes disturbances >>>>>>>>>> single choice <<<<<<<<

published on May 07, 2012
1/21

concept of hyperkalemia is serum pottassium level?

> 3.5 mmol/L
>4.5mmol/L
>5.5mmol/L
>6.5mmol/L
2/21

in hypotonic hypovolemia serum [Na+] usually is below?

15mmol/L
25mmol/L
35mmol/L
55mmol/L
3/21

plasma osmolality of hypertonic dehydration is?

> 25mOsm/L
>310mOsm/L
>270mOsm/L
>290mOsm/L
4/21

hydrops means?

the presence of excess body fluid in
the interstitial spaces
the accumulation of excess body fluid
in body cavities
the presence of water in body
cavities
the accumulation of excess body fluid
in ECF
5/21

the internal environment means?

ICF
ECF
transcelluar fluid
lymph fluid
6/21

factors leading to fluid leaving the capillary in excess of the fluid returning back to the blood are?

decreased capillary pressure
decreased level of ADH
decreased level of plasma protein
increased level of plasma protein
7/21

what's the major mechanism of edema from retention of sodium and water?

decreased GFR
increased tubular reabsorption of
sodium and water
increased production of interstitial
fluid
increased intake of water
8/21

what's the mechanism of increased reabsorption of water and sodium in proximal convoluted tubule?

increased secretion of natriuretic
hormone
increased glomerular filtration
fraction
increased secretion of ADH
redistribution of blood flow in
kidney
9/21

shock is the most common manifestation in?

isotonic dehydration
hypotonic dehydration
water intoxication
edema
hypertonic dehydration
10/21

plasma osmolality of hypotonic dehydration is below?

310mOsm/L
290mOsm/L
300mOsm/L
280mOsm/L
11/21

which is the most prominent manifestation in hypernatremia?

peripheral circulatory failure
thirsty
increased BP nausea and vomit
polyuria
12/21

the main mechanism of edema from microvessels damage is?

increased hydrostatic pressure of
blood capillary
decreased lymphatic return
decreased plasma colloid osmoticc
pressure
increased colloid osmotic pressure of
interstitial fluid
13/21

The characteristics of body fluid imbalance in water intoxication is?

volume of ICF ↑ and osmolarity of
ECF ↑
volume of ICF ↑ and osmolarity of ECF
↑
volume of ECF ↑, ICF ⇈ and osmolarity
of ECF↓, ICF ↓
volume of ECF↓ and osmolarity of
ECF↓
14/21

the characteristics of body fluid imbalance in isotonic dehydration is?

ICF ↓ and ECF ↓
ICF ↓ and ECF ↑
ICF no changes and ECF ↓
ICF ↑ and ECF ↓
ICF ↓ and ECF no changes
15/21

which is the main factor determining the volume of ECF?

total amount of body water
total amount of body sodium
the osmolality of ECF
total amount of water intake
16/21

the characteristics of body fluid imbalance in hypertonic dehydration is?

ICF ↓ and ECF ↓
ICF ⇅ and ECF ↑
ICF ↓ and ECF ⇊
ICF ⇊ and ECF ↓
17/21

to the hypotonic dehydration where is the water loss mainly from?

ICF
ECF
plasma
transcelluar fluid
18/21

the classification of hypotonic and hypertonic dehydration is based on?

total amount of body fluid loss
colloid osmotic pressure of ECF
cation concentration of ECF
crystal osmotic pressure of ECF
19/21

to the hypertonic dehydration where is the water loss mainly from?

ICF
ECF
plasma
interstitial fluid
20/21

hyperkalemia can cause?

acidosis, with increased secretion of
H+ by kidneys
acidosis, with decreased secretion of
H+ by kidneys
alkalosis acidic urine
alkalosis alkalinc urine
21/21

ADH level is increased in?

decrease in effective blood volume
decrease in AngII level
decrease in ECF osmolality
increase in effective blood volume