pathophysiology practice test (5)

pathophysiology practice test (5)

water and electrolytes disturbances >>>>>>>>>> single choice <<<<<<<<

published on May 07, 2012
1/21

the classification of hypotonic and hypertonic dehydration is based on?

total amount of body fluid loss
colloid osmotic pressure of ECF
cation concentration of ECF
crystal osmotic pressure of ECF
2/21

factors leading to fluid leaving the capillary in excess of the fluid returning back to the blood are?

decreased capillary pressure
decreased level of ADH
decreased level of plasma protein
increased level of plasma protein
3/21

hydrops means?

the presence of excess body fluid in
the interstitial spaces
the accumulation of excess body fluid
in body cavities
the presence of water in body
cavities
the accumulation of excess body fluid
in ECF
4/21

plasma osmolality of hypotonic dehydration is below?

310mOsm/L
290mOsm/L
300mOsm/L
280mOsm/L
5/21

ADH level is increased in?

decrease in effective blood volume
decrease in AngII level
decrease in ECF osmolality
increase in effective blood volume
6/21

which is the main factor determining the volume of ECF?

total amount of body water
total amount of body sodium
the osmolality of ECF
total amount of water intake
7/21

The characteristics of body fluid imbalance in water intoxication is?

volume of ICF ↑ and osmolarity of
ECF ↑
volume of ICF ↑ and osmolarity of ECF
↑
volume of ECF ↑, ICF ⇈ and osmolarity
of ECF↓, ICF ↓
volume of ECF↓ and osmolarity of
ECF↓
8/21

to the hypertonic dehydration where is the water loss mainly from?

ICF
ECF
plasma
interstitial fluid
9/21

concept of hyperkalemia is serum pottassium level?

> 3.5 mmol/L
>4.5mmol/L
>5.5mmol/L
>6.5mmol/L
10/21

the characteristics of body fluid imbalance in hypertonic dehydration is?

ICF ↓ and ECF ↓
ICF ⇅ and ECF ↑
ICF ↓ and ECF ⇊
ICF ⇊ and ECF ↓
11/21

to the hypotonic dehydration where is the water loss mainly from?

ICF
ECF
plasma
transcelluar fluid
12/21

hyperkalemia can cause?

acidosis, with increased secretion of
H+ by kidneys
acidosis, with decreased secretion of
H+ by kidneys
alkalosis acidic urine
alkalosis alkalinc urine
13/21

shock is the most common manifestation in?

isotonic dehydration
hypotonic dehydration
water intoxication
edema
hypertonic dehydration
14/21

in hypotonic hypovolemia serum [Na+] usually is below?

15mmol/L
25mmol/L
35mmol/L
55mmol/L
15/21

the main mechanism of edema from microvessels damage is?

increased hydrostatic pressure of
blood capillary
decreased lymphatic return
decreased plasma colloid osmoticc
pressure
increased colloid osmotic pressure of
interstitial fluid
16/21

which is the most prominent manifestation in hypernatremia?

peripheral circulatory failure
thirsty
increased BP nausea and vomit
polyuria
17/21

what's the major mechanism of edema from retention of sodium and water?

decreased GFR
increased tubular reabsorption of
sodium and water
increased production of interstitial
fluid
increased intake of water
18/21

what's the mechanism of increased reabsorption of water and sodium in proximal convoluted tubule?

increased secretion of natriuretic
hormone
increased glomerular filtration
fraction
increased secretion of ADH
redistribution of blood flow in
kidney
19/21

the characteristics of body fluid imbalance in isotonic dehydration is?

ICF ↓ and ECF ↓
ICF ↓ and ECF ↑
ICF no changes and ECF ↓
ICF ↑ and ECF ↓
ICF ↓ and ECF no changes
20/21

plasma osmolality of hypertonic dehydration is?

> 25mOsm/L
>310mOsm/L
>270mOsm/L
>290mOsm/L
21/21

the internal environment means?

ICF
ECF
transcelluar fluid
lymph fluid