Infection, Immunity, Inflammation

Infection, Immunity, Inflammation

Part II of the Pharmacology III exam that contains many drugs the majority of the test will cover.

published on November 10, 2013
1/83

Fluoroquinolones are...?

narrow-spectrum drugs
broad-spectrum drugs
narrow therapeutic index
2/83

A tetracycline is classified as a broad-spectrum drug because it is effective against what type of bacteria?

3/83

When a patient is taking an anti-tubercular drug the nurse will tell the patient...?

Hint: 2 choices
When taking rifampin you van expect red stools, rusty color
do not attend social events
medication can cause hepatotoxicity with INH
4/83

What nursing considerations need to be considered regarding glycopeptides?

Glycopeptides can be ototoxic & nephrotoxic
Glycopeptides can cause blood dyscrasias & you need to monitor peak & trough levels
If gylcopeptides are given too rapidly you can end up with erythema of the face, neck, & chest (red man syndrome), fever, chills, and decreased BP
5/83

Which herbs increase bleeding disorders?

rosemary, dill weed thyme, lavender
ginseng
dong quai, feverfew, garlic, giniger, ginko biloba
6/83

True/False. Lipopeptides and Glycopeptides are both used to treat MRSA?

7/83

When taking febuxostat an anti-gout drug some side effects you wouls look for are...

Hint: 2 choices
diarrhea
liver damage
cv events
8/83

What do Salicylates & NSAIDS do?

decrease uric acid
inhibit postaglandin synthesis thus decreasing inflammation, temperature, pain, & platelet aggregation
decrease effects of opioids
9/83

Cephlosporins can cause nephrotoxicity in what kind of patients?

liver failure paitents
Geriatrics & pre-existing renal disease patients
stroke patients
10/83

What drug is used to treat VRE, complicated skin & skin structure infections caused by staphylococcus & streptococcal strains?

11/83

An anti-infective penicillin is used to treat what kind of infection?

Used to treat bronchospasms
Used to treat bacillus infections
Used for staphylococcal and streptococcal infections; also gonorrhea, syphilis, anthrax
12/83

When would you complete the typhoid immunization?

1 week before travel
1 month before travel
2 weeks before travel
13/83

What action does the OTC herb S-adenosylmethionine (SAM-e) do?

improves mood & flexibility of joints
improves personality
improves energy
14/83

When taking allopurinol an anti-gout drug some side effects include ...

Hint: 2 choices
cataracts
cv events
retinopathy
15/83

What is an adverse effect of a penicillin?

superimposed infection
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
flushing
16/83

When taking a tetracycline it is important not to take which products with this drug?

Aluminum, calcium, or iron
chromium, potassium, or sodium
acidic fruits & juices
17/83

With a selective Cox-2 inhibitor what can you expect?

18/83

Why would you encourage fluid intake when taking an anti-infective/anti-microbial?

19/83

True/False. It is best to take an anti-viral agent within 24-48 hrs of onset symptoms.

20/83

What are some effects of tetracyclines the nurse can tell the patient about?

Stay out of the sun and wear sunscreen because tetracyclines cause photosensitivty
Tetracyclines cause dizziness
Store tetracyclines in a cool dry place and if the mediciation is out of date it can be toxic
21/83

Why is it important to take the entire prescription of an anti-infective/anti-microbial?

Hint: 2 choices
To prevent resistance to drug in the future
To adhere to the physicians instructions
To Completely eradicate the infection
22/83

When would you need to get another immunization for the yellow fever?

every 5 years
every 6 months
every 10 years
23/83

What is an important nursing consideration regarding allergic reactions to penicillins?

rash to anaphylactic shock
respiratory depression
constipation
24/83

What does the anti-tubercular drug INH decrese?

Vitamin B12
Vitamin B6
Vitamin C
25/83

Which drug classification decreases uric acid synthesis, inflammation, deposition of uric acid crystals in joints or elminate uric acid in urine?

26/83

When a patient is taking an anti-gout drug the nurse would ...?

have fluid intake at 2,500-3,000 mL/day
increase fiber intake
have fluid intake at 1,500-2,500 mL/day
27/83

When should you take a tetracycline?

with food
30 minutes before a meal
On an empty stomach with water
28/83

When taking a fluoroquinolone you should...?

Hint: 2 choices
Decrease fluid intake
Causes photosensitivity
Watch for muscular problems ( joint pain, tendonitis)
29/83

It is important to remember that penicillin....?

Has a high incidence serious reactions; anaphylaxis
Developing drug resistance
is a narrow spectrum drug
30/83

If the patient is allergic to penicillin what can be used as a substitute for that allergy?

Cephlosporin
Lincosamides
Macrolide
31/83

When using an anti-viral agent as a cream for herpes simplex you need to instruct the patient what?

rub in
apply with gloves
apply every 2 hours while awake
32/83

Before startign a patient on an antibiotic you want to obtain a...?

Urine Culture
Culture & Sensitivity (C & S)
FOBT
33/83

If Cox-2 is inhibited what may the patient expect?

decreased inicidence of bleeding disorders but increased incidence of cardiac disorders & strokes due to edema & hypertension
increased incidence of bleeding
gastric problems
34/83

True/False. Lincosamides is not as toxic as Macrolides?

35/83

What is important to tell a 2 month pregnant patient prescribed a tetracycline?

Consume 8 oz of water with tetracycline
Tetracycline needs to be D/C after the 4th month of pregnancy
This drug will cause dizziness
36/83

what are some nursing considerations associated with salicylates?

high doses can causes tinnitus
can cause bronchospasm with wheezing
can cause Reye's Syndrome in children with virus
37/83

When taking an OTC herb like glucosamine/chondroitin for osteoarthritis what would the nurse monitor for on the patient?

monitor BP
monitor BS
monitor RR
38/83

What are some nursing considerations for Aminoglycosides?

Hint: 2 choices
Not absorbed GI, administer IM or IV
Causes Ototoxicity & Nephrotoxicity
Safe during pregnancy
39/83

What kind of anti-tubercular drug is used after a close contact TB exposure?

40/83

What kind of tests need to be done when taking an antifungal drug?

blood glucose
liver function
UA
41/83

Which drug is used to treat systemic trichomoniasis, vag trichomonas, amebiasis, & helicobacter pylori

42/83

A broad-spectrum antibiotic can often cause what?

constipation
GI disturbances
superimposed infections
43/83

What does a macrolide do?

Treatment of a rash
Treatment of UTI
Treatment of respiratory tract, GI, skin & soft tissue, & STDs
44/83

The doctor prescribes a tetracycline to a 7 year old boy, what action would the nurse take?

Ask the physician to prescribe another drug to the 7 year old
Give specific instructions to the parent/guardian regarding safe administration of the drug
Nothing is wrong with what the doctor ordered
45/83

Which type of drug is effective against a limited number of organisms?

46/83

If Cox-1 is inhibit what may the patient expect?

prone to bleeding & gastric problems
prone to diabetes
prone to inflammation
47/83

When taking a corticosteroid you are prone to peptic ulcers, to reduce the chances you want to instruct the patient to...?

increase fluid intake
take with an antacid
take with food and/or a histamine2 blocker
48/83

If you discontinue an anti-tubercular drug prematurely you can...?

reactivate disease
cause a superinfection
cause an electrolyte imbalance
49/83

If an anti-infective is bacteriostatic it will do what to bacteria?

kill bacteria
inhibit growth
increase growth
50/83

The action of an anti-infective/ anti-microbial is to....?

Destroy the structure that houses the invading organism- cell wall
Disabling the invading organism's ability to reproduce itself; disturbing/ interfering with DNA/RNA
Inhibit protein synthesis of bacterial cells
51/83

When treating VRE with a oxazolidinone the nurse should inform the patient to...?

avoid sunlight
avoid excessive tyramine- rich foods
avoid acidic fruits & juices
52/83

what are some nursing considerations associated with NSAIDS?

Concurrent with histamine 2 blockers (prescribed to prevent peptic ulcers)
Bleeding disorders due to anti-platelet aggregation
renal damage due to vasocontriction of the kidneys
53/83

What will the nurse want to consider with a patient precribed macrolides?

Hint: 2 choices
Macrolides are excreted in the biles & feces, & decreases urine
contraindicated in liver disease, but used in renal patients
Macrolides may cause insomnia
54/83

what are some side effects of sulfonamides?

crystalluria
hematuria
blood dyscrasias & photosensitivity
55/83

What will the nurse tell the patient prescribed an anti-protozoal agent?

can cause candidiasis superimposed infections
You will experience a metallic taste
Your urine will appear a reddish, brown color
56/83

What is an important nursing consideration regarding streptogramins?

causes inflammation
causes superinfections
Causes myalgia & arthralgia (bone & muscle pain)
57/83

When taking Colchicine an anti-gout drug some side effects include....

Hint: 2 choices
GI disturbances
acute episodes of gout
retinopathy
58/83

What would the nurse tell the paitent prescribed a macrolide?

You may experience GI disturbances such as ( nausea,vomiting, & diarrhea)
Food decreases absorption so take 1-2 h AC or 2-3 h PC
This drug an be hepatotoxic if given in high doses
59/83

In order to discontinue a corticosteroid the nurse should take what action?

Taper doses 4-12 days
Taper doses over 2 weeks
Taper doses over 5-10 days
60/83

With an anti-viral agent the nurse would...?

instruct to wear sunscreen
encourage fluids
instruct the patient to get plenty of rest
61/83

How is typhoid spread?

airborne droplets
vector borne
via contaminated food & water
62/83

What are Sulfonamides used to treat?

UTI, otitis media, burns (topical), eye infections
crystalluria
hematuria
63/83

which type of drug is effective against a wide variety both gram+ and gram-?

64/83

True/False. It is safe to take sulfonamides with anti-coagulants & anti-diabetic agents.

65/83

What is the action of an anti-viral drug?

a bactericidal agent
Used for viruses more difficult to eradicate and prevent replication of virus
used to treat gram- & gram + bacteria
66/83

Ketolides are used to treat which type of infections?

Vag
skin
respiratory
67/83

Lincosamides are effective against which type of infections besides streptococci?

68/83

True/False. Corticosteroids are used for long term use.

69/83

Regarding GI disturbances with Lincosamides, when would you stop the medication?

In the case of bloody diarrhea
In the case an asthma patient
In the case of renal disease
70/83

When a patient is taking a sulfonamide what instructons would you give the patient?

Hint: 2 choices
avoid the sun and wear sunscreen
This drug is safe to tak with antacids
increase fluid intake
71/83

what kind of bacteria are aminoglycosides used to treat?

72/83

Since Aminoglycosides have a narrow therapeutic index you want to monitor what?

serum levels
potassium
peak & trough levels
73/83

When should you not take SAM-e?

with alcohol
with antacids
with St. John's Wort or anti-depressants
74/83

Cephlosporins can cause which adverse reaction if taken with alcohol?

Flushing
Dizziness
Headache & muscular weakness
75/83

When is it allowed to administer the influenza & pneumococcal vaccines during pregnancy?

Allowed if 2 months pregnant
Allowed if 1 month pregnant
Allowed with asthma or other chronic illnesses
76/83

With a Corticosteroid the patient is...?

decrease ability to be infected
prone to infection
fine, nothing will happen
77/83

True/False. If you are allergic to penicillins than you are most likely allergic to cephlosporins?

78/83

A nurse will tell a patient taking a penicillin what important facts?

Hint: 2 choices
If administered IM you can use any muscle
Avoid acidic fruits & juices
This medicine reduces the effectiveness of oral contraceptives
79/83

Some nursing considerstions regarding ketolides are...?

Ketolides can be hepatotoxic
Ketolides can cause an exacerbation of muscukar disease (myasthenia gravis)
Ketolides cause blurred vision, diplopia & GI disturbances, as well as, vag yeast infections
80/83

If an anti-infective is bactericidal it will do what to bacteria?

kill bacteria
inhibit growth
increase growth
81/83

Antifungal drugs are used to treat what?

treat severe fungal infections
treat moderate fungal infections
treat mild fungal infections
82/83

How is the yellow fever spread?

mosquito-borne viral illness
airborne droplets
via contaminated food & watrer
83/83

Yes/No? If a patient is allergic to a tetracycline are you able to administer a glycylcline?